What are nitrates in water?

Nitrates are nitrogen compounds that can enter groundwater from fertilizer, manure, septic systems, and decaying organic material. They are especially important on the Delmarva Peninsula because agricultural activity, sandy soils, and shallow aquifers can make groundwater more vulnerable to runoff and leaching.

Nitrates are primary contaminants because elevated exposure can pose health risks, particularly to infants. They have no reliable taste, smell, or color, so laboratory testing is necessary.